LGBTQIA+ communities in India continue to struggle with colonial conservatism, prejudiced socio-cultural narratives, economic precarity, social exclusion, institutional discrimination, and the risk of violence, among other challenges, which force queer communities to the margins. At the same time, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) have been at the forefront of action for LGBTQIA+ communities, amplifying grassroots perspectives and creating spaces of solidarity.

This research aims to highlight the critical role of CSOs in the larger struggle for equality by analyzing their impact and challenges and providing starting points for meaningful change. CSOs’ efforts in India require urgent reinforcement through resources, recognition, and support to sustain progress and preserve the movement’s diversity.